Attributed to Dr. Sandeep v Kumar, MBBS, MD (Medicine), DNB (Gastroenterology), HCG Suchirayu Hospital, Hubli
Waterborne infections can significantly impact our health, often leading to a range of illnesses that can vary in severity. The effects of waterborne infections on health can be acute or chronic, however, this infection tends to affect children more as their immunity is still developing which makes them more susceptible to diseases and illnesses. Our immunity and fitness can be compromised in various ways, and waterborne infections are among the many serious illnesses.
Beyond individual health, waterborne infections can strain public health systems, reduce productivity, and impair economic development, especially in areas with inadequate access to clean water and sanitation.
What are Waterborne Infections?
Waterborne infections are diseases caused by microorganisms that are transmitted through contaminated water. These microorganisms can include bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other pathogens. A few common symptoms of this infection are diarrhea, fever, nausea and vomiting, body aches, headaches, and skin rashes.
Types of Waterborne Infections
- Diarrheal Infection: It is caused by pathogens like E. coli, Shigella, and Salmonella, and can lead to severe dehydration and are often contracted through contaminated water.
- Giardiasis: This infection is caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia and results in diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea.
- Hepatitis A: It is a viral infection that affects the liver and is often spread through contaminated water or food.
- Typhoid Fever: Caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria, this infection can lead to high fever, weakness, and abdominal pain.
- Cholera: It is a bacterial infection caused by Vibrio cholerae, leading to severe diarrhea and dehydration, and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.
- Dysentery: Both bacterial (caused by Shigella) and amoebic dysentery result in severe diarrhea, often with blood, and can lead to significant dehydration and complications.
Safety Tips
• Safeguard Your Water Source
- o Purify Drinking Water: The water you consume must be clean. Reliable water purification methods like boiling, filtration, or using water purifiers must be utilized.
- o Avoid Contaminated Water: Avoid drinking water directly from rivers, ponds, or other natural sources.
• Practice hygiene
- Handwashing: This is the cornerstone of prevention. You must wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water before eating, after using the toilet, and after playing outdoors.
- Food Hygiene: Ensure all food is cooked thoroughly and stored safely. Wash fruits and vegetables before consumption.
- Personal Hygiene: Encourage regular bathing and changing of clothes, especially after outdoor activities.
• Safe Outdoor Play
- Avoid Contaminated Water Bodies: We must keep our children away from stagnant water bodies like ponds and swamps.
- Proper Disposal: Teach your children to dispose of waste properly to prevent contamination of water sources.
- SwimmingSafety: Supervise your child closely while swimming and ensure they don’t swallow pool water.
• Vaccinations
- Ensure you and your children receive all recommended vaccinations, including those protecting against waterborne infections like typhoid and hepatitis A.
Early Detection and Treatment
Waterborne infections present a substantial threat to our health, particularly in areas with limited access to clean water. These infections can lead to severe health complications, including dehydration, malnutrition, and even death, making it necessary to address this public health issue. Preventive measures such as improving water quality, promoting good hygiene practices, and ensuring timely medical intervention are essential to protect ourselves from these infections.