By Dr. Mahesh Neelakanthanavar, Consultant, General Medicine, HCG Suchirayu Hospitals, Hubli
The monsoon season brings a welcoming respite from the heat and ushers in a shift in how we care for our health. With the increased humidity and moisture, monsoons create a breeding ground for bacteria and viruses, leading to a rise in common ailments like colds, flu, fever, and stomach infections. The damp environment can also weaken our immunity, making us more susceptible to these illnesses.
Monsoons also give rise to the threat of dengue fever, a viral infection spread by mosquitoes leading from stagnant water bodies in our surroundings. Understanding the spread of dengue and the steps we can take to protect ourselves is vital in staying safe from this illness.
Dengue and its Causes:
Dengue fever caused by the dengue virus, exists in four distinct serotypes (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4) and is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes called Aedes Mosquito.The virus in the bloodstream multiplies within the body, targeting immune cells. The infected mosquitoes are usually active during the day, and they breed in stagnant water sources commonly found in our surroundings leading to a rise in dengue cases. Once infected, a mosquito becomes the carrier of the virus throughout its life, potentially infecting multiple people during each feeding cycle
Symptoms of Dengue Fever:
Symptoms of dengue fever vary from mild to severe among different patients, but it can include the following:
- Sudden onset of high fever, that reaches to or higher than 104°F
- Intense pain, usually caused behind the eyes leads to severe headaches
- Severe pain in muscles, joints, and bones
- Skin rash that appears a few days after the onset of fever
- Nosebleeds, gum bleeding, or easy bruising
- Fatigue and weakness
Cases of severe dengue, also known as Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), can lead to symptoms like bleeding, organ damage, and in severe cases, death if not treated promptly.
Lifestyle changes to prevent dengue:
Preventing dengue is possible by making modifications to our lifestyle. This is a mix of reducing mosquito exposure, breeding grounds, and boosting immunity.
- Exposure to Mosquitoes: Infected mosquitoes can cause dengue and it is advised to avoid and protect yourself against mosquito bites. Applying insect repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus on exposed skin can be effective against mosquito bites. Covering the skin that is most exposed to mosquitoes with long-sleeved shirts, pants, and socks, especially during peak mosquito activity times is advisable.
- Control mosquito breeding grounds: Ensure there is no standing water in containers such as flowerpots, tires, and water storage tanks where mosquitoes breed and lay eggs
- Modifications at home: Use screens on windows and doors to prevent mosquitoes from entering living spaces.
- Dietary changes: Seasonal fruits and vegetables are at their peak freshness and nutritional content during monsoons. They are also a good source of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, which can help boost your immune system. Citrus fruits are rich in vitamin C and are powerful antioxidants that can help fight off infection.
Looking ahead:
Dengue fever is a serious health concern that affects millions worldwide, including in India. Understanding how the dengue virus spreads, recognizing its symptoms, and taking proactive steps to prevent mosquito bites and eliminate breeding grounds can reduce the risk of infection. Staying informed, practicing good mosquito control measures, following a healthy diet, and seeking prompt medical attention for suspected cases are essential in combating dengue fever.